原标题：广州首次出台农田基础设施管护规范性文件，11月1日起实施农田设施“三分建、七分管”。近日，广州市农业农村局在全省率先制定了《广州市农田基础设施管护办法》（以下简称《办法》）。《办法》经市人民政府同意，于2022年11月1日起实施，有效期为5年。

二 | 据了解，该《办法》是广州首次针对农田基础设施管护工作制定出台的部门规范性文件，是农田建设项目管理领域改革创新的重要举措，对管护责任、管护范围和内容、管护经费筹措与管理、财政资金管护项目流程、监督考核等方面进行明确，有助于全市农田基础设施管护工作有序、高效、持续发展，扎实推进广州农田建设事业高质量发展。

三 |     London, Oct 20 (UNI) A highly-anticipated free-trade agreement between India and Britain appears to have floundered at the last minute as Liz Truss’ government gets tough on immigration but observers say the “common threat perception” of China means both sides have a reason to cling on to the pact.

Questions have also swirled over the deal’s priority, given that Truss’ governing Conservative Party now seems intent on replacing her – just a month after she was elected party leader, the South China Morning Post reported.

An unprecedented 80 per cent of voters have a negative opinion of Truss, according to a latest poll by YouGov, making her the most unpopular leader in the UK’s recent political history.

The pact, hailed as “the biggest of them all” by former UK leader Boris Johnson earlier this year, was expected to be signed by the Hindu festival of Diwali that takes place this weekend, a deadline set by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and asserted repeatedly by both sides.

It had the potential to double trade between India and Britain, the world’s fifth and the sixth-largest economies, from the current $29 billion. British firms, especially car- and whiskey-makers, were set to gain access to a massive consumer market with notoriously high tariffs and tedious entry barriers, the BBC said.

For India, the deal was expected to draw higher investment flows, boost manufacturing and ease immigration rules for its citizens to the UK.

Then last week, British Trade Secretary Kemi Badenoch said the government was “no longer working to the Diwali deadline”, but added that the two sides “were close” to a deal and that they were “still working” on it.

Indian media reports have quoted sources from the agency confirming that the deal was unlikely any time soon. Speculation in New Delhi was rife that the deal might be signed only next year, the report said.

A Department for International Trade spokesperson told This Week in Asia that it “won’t sacrifice quality for speed and will only sign when we have a deal that meets both countries’ interests”, a sign that London was no longer keen to match pace with a deadline set by Modi.

Two recent events might have driven some of this change in the momentum.

Soon after taking over as Britain’s Home Secretary, Suella Braverman had “reservations” about a possible FTA with India and “having an open border migration policy with India”, since the “largest group of people who overstay are Indian migrants”.

Braverman also criticised a deal signed by the Johnson government with India on action against visa overstayers, saying it had “not necessarily worked very well”.

For many in New Delhi, this was a sign that the Truss administration was hardening its stance on immigration – an issue critical to India’s interests.

It had promoted easier, relaxed immigration rules for its citizens going to Britain on long-term visas as a key policy, partly as a way to shore up domestic support for the trade deal.

In addition, after violence broke out between Hindus and Muslims in England’s Leicester City last month, Braverman sought to connect it with “uncontrolled immigration” and its “failure” to integrate with local communities – a move viewed as another swipe at Indian immigrants.

Analysts say that for Britain and its former colony India, this is an instance of a clash between their domestic and global politics on two key counts – trade and immigration.

Kira Huju, a London School of Economics Fellow in International Relations, said the separation between domestic and global politics was getting “impossible to sustain”.

“India – as Britain’s most important former colony, now surpassing the UK in its economic might – brings out the subliminal anxiety that underlies the ‘Global Britain’ narrative,” Huju said.

“The increasing normalisation of anti-immigration sentiment inside the Conservative Party is crucial here, too. India will want a more generous visa regime, which an increasingly anti-immigration Conservative Party will be hard-pressed to make.”

Yet, analysts believe that even if the deal is delayed and political instability continues in the UK in the short-term, there still remain many binding factors for the two countries in the medium and long term, the BBC reported.

Shairee Malhotra, Europe Fellow at the New Delhi-based think tank Observer Research Foundation, says that a “common threat perception” of China was an aspect that would drive the two together.

“The Indo-Pacific region is a key area where both are concerned about China’s assertiveness,” she said.

“India is also seeking new defence partnerships for collaboration under its Make in India programme as well as technology transfers, and having the UK participate in its indigenous defence manufacturing industry would give this a huge boost,” she added.

UNI MR。

四 | 管护范围：涵盖两大类10小类42种主要设施根据《办法》，农田基础设施管护是指对农田基础设施进行日常检查和定期检查中发现的轻微和局部损坏进行的修理、保养和防护，以及每年按计划定期进行的整修和养护，以维持工程完好，保持项目的设计功能，保证工程正常运行与长期发挥效益。《办法》指出，管护范围主要包括高标准农田设施以及农田水利设施两大类10小类42种主要设施的管护内容。重点加强田间灌排系统、道路、输配电等设施的管护。其中，高标准农田设施管护主要包括几大类：一是土壤改良监测，主要包括土壤质量监测站（点）及附属设施；二是田间道路，主要包括田间道、生产路、桥、涵，及其配套设施；三是农田防护与生态环境保持，主要包括农田林网、岸坡防护设施、沟道治理设施、农田废弃物收集设施、生物通道及配套设施；四是农田输配电，主要包括输电线路、变配电设施及其配套设施；以及其他方面，包括公示碑（牌）、项目购置设备等。农田水利设施管护内容主要包括五大类：一是小型取水设施及配套设施，主要包括井、泵、井房、井台、管道、涵、闸、配电等设施；二是蓄水设施及配套设施，主要包括陂、坝、引水渠等设施；三是灌排水设施及配套设施，主要包括各类渠道、排水沟和渠系建筑物；四是高效节水灌溉设施及配套设施，主要包括供水、输水管道、压力表、减压阀、配电等设施；五是附属设施，包括防护栏、警示牌、计量装置等设施。管护主体：实行市、区、镇（街）分级管理《办法》明确，广州农田基础设施按照“谁所有、谁管护”的原则确定管护主体。未明确产权归属或产权不明晰的，按照“谁受益、谁管护，谁使用、谁管护”的原则确定管护主体。整体上看，农田基础设施管护工作实行市、区、镇（街）分级管理。

五 | 区政府是农田基础设施管护的责任主体，镇政府（街道办）履行属地管理职责，市、区农业农村主管部门负有监管责任。《办法》提出，市农业农村主管部门负责指导全市农田建设项目管护工作，制定市级管护制度、标准和规范，加强培训和监督管理，建立农田基础设施管护评价体系，并负责监督检查各区农业农村主管部门开展管护工作的进度与成效。区农业农村主管部门负责监督指导本行政区域内农田基础设施管护工作，组织并督促管护问题的整改落实，指导镇政府（街道办）、村民委员会或农业经营主体签订管护协议。镇政府（街道办）则负责所属的农田基础设施管护的具体组织实施和管理，督促已流转农田的流入方落实管护责任。《办法》还指出，村级组织和农民群众是农田基础设施的直接受益主体，应主动参与设施管护。村级组织对所属农田基础设施承担管护责任。如委托村民、农民合作社或者社会力量等代管的，村级组织要承担监督责任。并且，村级组织应采取多种形式组织引导农民参与农田基础设施管护。值得一提的是，《办法》特别提到，农田基础设施管护项目实行年度验收制。市、区农业农村主管部门应加强对农田基础设施管护工作的监督检查，将管护工作情况作为农田建设工作评价的重要指标，列入粮食安全考核、耕地保护目标责任考核。经费筹措与管理：按农田基础设施产权所有划定落实农田基础设施管护工作是一项长期的系统性工作，离不开各类经费支撑，如何有效筹措并管理好管护经费？《办法》首先明确，在确保符合各类资金使用管理规定的前提下，产权归政府或其授权部门所有的农田基础设施，管护资金可通过按规定统筹整合各级涉农资金筹集；产权划归村级组织所有的，主要由村集体经济收益或自主筹资筹劳等予以保障。《办法》特别指出，可探索开展高标准农田建设项目金融保险等方式拓宽管护经费来源渠道。村级组织可通过提取公益金、村民“一事一议”制度等，积极筹措管护资金。集体经济实力强的村通过从集体收益中提取资金作为管护资金。《办法》提到，区农业农村主管部门应组织开展年度资金需求申报，将应由政府承担的农田基础设施管护经费纳入本级部门预算予以保障。若是纳入市级涉农资金管理的农田建设项目结余资金，可按照涉农资金统筹整合管理相关规定，统筹用于农田基础设施管护。同时，《办法》鼓励镇政府（街道办）设立农田基础设施管护员，负责农田基础设施日常巡查工作。

六 | 管护员可由村干部兼任，也可通过设立公益岗予以安排。管护员由镇政府（街道办）统一管理，人员补助经费由镇政府（街道办）发放。针对财政资金安排的管护经费，《办法》明确主要用于设计使用期内的公共农田基础设施日常维修养护，必要的小型简易管护工具和运行监测设备购置等，发放管护员人员补助经费。此类经费由区农业农村主管部门负责，按预算管理规定和管护工作进度等据实支出，确保专款专用，不得挤占、截留、挪用，当年结余由财政收回。使用财政资金开展农田基础设施管护可以由区农业农村主管部门统一购买服务，也可以由镇政府（街道办）各自购买服务。采写：南都记者 莫郅骅 通讯员 穗农宣返回搜狐，查看更多责任编辑：